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Orthodox vs Southpaw
Orthodox fighters lead with the left hand and foot; southpaws lead with the right. When the stances differ, the fight becomes an open-stance matchup with a battle for outside foot position.
Takedown
Any technique that brings an opponent from standing to the mat with you in the dominant position — shots, trips, throws and clinch takedowns.
Double-Leg
A level change into both of the opponent's legs, driving through the hips to put them on the mat.
Sprawl
Defensive reaction to a takedown attempt: hips drop and drive back, legs kick out, weight lands on the opponent's shoulders.
Guard
The bottom position where the legs are between you and the opponent, used to control distance, attack submissions and stand back up.
Half Guard
Bottom position where one of the opponent's legs is trapped between yours — a wrestling-friendly guard used for sweeps and underhook battles.
Rear-Naked Choke
A blood choke applied from back control, closing the carotid arteries with the arm across the neck and the second arm locking behind the head.
Triangle Choke
A choke using the legs to trap the opponent's head and one arm, closing the carotid with their own shoulder.
Armbar
A joint lock that hyperextends the elbow by trapping the arm between the legs and lifting the hips.
Kimura
A shoulder lock using a figure-four grip to rotate the arm behind the back.
Clinch
Close-range grappling on the feet, used for knees, elbows, takedowns and stalling against the fence.
Underhook
An arm threaded under the opponent's armpit, giving control of their posture, hips and direction.
Ground and Pound
Striking from a dominant top position, balancing posture and damage against the risk of losing position.
10-Point Must System
Each round is scored 10-9 to the winner, 10-8 for dominance, using effective striking and grappling, then aggression and cage control.
Pound-for-Pound
A hypothetical ranking that asks who is the best fighter if weight were equal — a measure of skill and dominance, not size.
Technique
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